Improving the efficiency of vertical transportation systems is an important element in reducing the energy intensity of industrial processes and increasing the productivity of underground mining operations. One potential approach is to increase mine cage travel velocity; however, higher speeds may intensify aerodynamic phenomena inside the shaft and cage, leading to pressure fluctuations and elevated air velocities that can affect operational safety and passenger comfort. This paper presents the results of experimental investigations conducted in a Polish coal mine under real operating conditions. By varying the cage travel speed, pressure distributions and air velocity inside the cage were monitored and analyzed. The obtained data were used to assess the relationship between transport velocity and aerodynamic conditions within the shaft system. The results provide a basis for developing operating models that enable more efficient and less energy-intensive vertical transportation while maintaining a high level of safety and acceptable environmental conditions for personnel.